Education Economics & Policy

Indonesia’s Teacher Reform: A policy reflection on systemic challenges in education reform

This piece reflects on why large-scale investment in Indonesia’s teacher reform has failed to produce significant learning gains, and what systemic issues are being overlooked. As a country that stretches over the same distance as London to New York and consists of more than 17,000 islands with more than 1300 different ethnic groups, ensuring that […]

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What China’s Gaokao Can Teach Us About National Exams and Inequality

A recent announcement by Indonesia’s Education Minister reignited a familiar debate: national exams are making a comeback in 2026, this time in a new format. After being abolished in 2021, the reintroduction of the Ujian Nasional (UN) is said to be part of an effort to re-establish educational standards across the country. Reading this news

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